Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Mycobacterium tuberculosis requires riboflavin biosynthesis for survival in the host

doi: 10.64898/2026.09.25.754416

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Experiment design. C57BL/6 mice were infected with ∼100 CFU of WT Erdman or ribA2 Tet-OFF by aerosol. At the indicated times (day 0, day 10 or week 6), groups mice were treated with doxycycline (dox; 2,000 ppm in chow), which was maintained for the duration of the experiment. Groups of mice ( n =6, 3M, 3F) were euthanized at the indicated time points to collect lungs and spleen. B-E. CFU enumeration in lung ( B, D ) and spleen ( C, E ) homogenates by serial dilution and plating on 7H10 agar (WT) or 7H10 with 53 μM riboflavin ( ribA2 Tet-OFF). Data are means ± SEM ( n =6). Blue “nd” indicates none detected for ribA2 Tet-OFF +dox d0. Asterisks indicate significant differences from the WT no dox control ( B, C ) or from the ribA2 Tet-OFF no dox control ( D, E ) by Welch’s t -test (24 hr and 1 wk lung data) or by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test post-hoc. * P <0.05, ** P <0.001.

Article Snippet: Groups of mice were treated with doxycycline (dox) chow (Teklad Global 2018 diet containing 2,000 ppm dox; Envigo) starting at the following times: day 0 (immediately after infection), day 10 or day 42 (week 6) for C57BL/6 mice; day 21 (week 3) or day 42 (week 6) for C3HeB/FeJ mice.

Techniques: Infection, Aerosol, Serial Dilution, Control

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Synergistic ROS/RNS-Mediated Chemotherapy via M1 Macrophage Membrane-Functionalized Nanovesicles for Targeted Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.6c04069

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Schematic Illustration of the M1@MS/MnO 2 /DOX/NO Preparation Process and (B) The mechanism of M1@MS/MnO 2 /DOX/NO for the Combination of RNS- and ROS-Mediated Oxidative Therapy for HCC Treatment

Article Snippet: The morphology of M1@MS/MnO 2 /DOX/NO was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM, HT7700, Hitachi).

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Synergistic ROS/RNS-Mediated Chemotherapy via M1 Macrophage Membrane-Functionalized Nanovesicles for Targeted Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.6c04069

Figure Lengend Snippet: Nanomedicine characterizations. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image showing the spherical morphology of (A) MS/MnO 2 /DOX/NO and (B) M1@MS/MnO 2 /DOX/NO observed by TEM. The scale bar is 200 nm. (C) Zeta of M1@MS/MnO 2 /DOX/NO by measuring the changes of (D) particle size of MS/MnO 2 /DOX/NO and M1@MS/MnO 2 /DOX/NO. (E) Quantitative determination of DOX and NO donor ( tert -butyl nitrite) loading efficiencies (%) quantified via UV–vis spectrophotometry at 485 and 340 nm, respectively. (F) In vitro release of DOX from M1@MS/MnO 2 /DOX/NO at different concentrations of GSH. The experimental results represent the mean ± SD ( n = 3).

Article Snippet: The morphology of M1@MS/MnO 2 /DOX/NO was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM, HT7700, Hitachi).

Techniques: Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Morphology, Spectrophotometry, In Vitro

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Synergistic ROS/RNS-Mediated Chemotherapy via M1 Macrophage Membrane-Functionalized Nanovesicles for Targeted Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.6c04069

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro therapeutic efficacy and apoptosis-inducing capability of M1@MS/MnO 2 /DOX/NO in LM3 cells. (A) Cell viability of LM3 cells following treatment with various formulations (M1@MS/MnO 2 , M1@MS/MnO 2 /DOX, M1@MS/MnO 2 /NO, DOX/NO, and M1@MS/MnO 2 /DOX/NO) as determined by the MTS assay ( n = 5). (B) Quantitative analysis of the total apoptotic rates derived from flow cytometry ( n = 3). (C) Representative Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry scatter plots illustrating the distribution of cell populations after corresponding treatments. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical significance is indicated as * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, and **** P < 0.0001 compared to the untreated control group.

Article Snippet: The morphology of M1@MS/MnO 2 /DOX/NO was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM, HT7700, Hitachi).

Techniques: In Vitro, Drug discovery, MTS Assay, Analysis, Derivative Assay, Flow Cytometry, Control

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Synergistic ROS/RNS-Mediated Chemotherapy via M1 Macrophage Membrane-Functionalized Nanovesicles for Targeted Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.6c04069

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cellular uptake of various nanoformulations by hepatocellular carcinoma cells as evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry. (A) Representative confocal laser scanning microscopy fluorescence tracks in LM3 cells following a 2 h incubation with membrane-deficient MS/MnO 2 /DOX/NO or biomimetic M1@MS/MnO 2 /DOX/NO nanoparticles. Green fluorescence signals represent FITC-labeled nanoformulations, and blue fluorescence denotes DAPI-counterstained nuclei. Scale bar = 20 μm. (B) Flow cytometric analysis of the cellular uptake of different nanoformulations. (C) Quantitative analysis of mean fluorescence intensity derived from the flow cytometry data. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). Statistical significance is indicated as *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The morphology of M1@MS/MnO 2 /DOX/NO was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM, HT7700, Hitachi).

Techniques: Confocal, Laser-Scanning Microscopy, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Incubation, Membrane, Labeling, Analysis, Derivative Assay

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Synergistic ROS/RNS-Mediated Chemotherapy via M1 Macrophage Membrane-Functionalized Nanovesicles for Targeted Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.6c04069

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antitumor efficiency was evaluated by in vitro experiments. (A) Photographic records of the excised subcutaneous LM3 tumors harvested from BALB/c male nude mice at the end of the 15-day therapeutic regimen (B) Dynamic progression curves tracking relative tumor volume modifications (% of initial volume) recorded across a 15-day timeline under systemic administrations of saline, M1@MS/MnO 2 , M1@MS/MnO 2 /DOX, M1@MS/MnO 2 /NO, DOX/NO, or M1@MS/MnO 2 /DOX/NO. (C) Representative histological images of LM3 tumor slices after different treatments using H&E staining (scale bar = 100 μm). (** P < 0.01, **** P < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: The morphology of M1@MS/MnO 2 /DOX/NO was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM, HT7700, Hitachi).

Techniques: In Vitro, Saline, Staining